She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in 1953 and as British hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett (who accompanied the royal couple) put it, she went up a tree in Africa a princess and came down a queen. Women were economically empowered before colonialisation. [92] The crisis was reportedly over by early 2012 because of coordinated relief efforts. [182][183], According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), In 2019, Kenya had a total population of 47,564,296 inhabitants. [131] Further, the wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement have been publicly questioned.[132]. Completely cut off from Germany, von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign, living off the land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated. has been publishing Kenyan contemporary literature. Further, 1 million Kenyans are reliant on informal groups for receiving financial aid. The government of the Republic of Kenya has fully automated the issuance of visa with effect from January 1, 2021. The current constitution was adopted in 2010 to replace the 1963 independence constitution. The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states, as well as commercial centres in Persia, Arabia, and even India. [212] There are very wide regional disparities: for example, Nairobi had the highest level of literacy at 87.1 per cent, compared to North Eastern Province, the lowest, at 8.0 per cent. [35] The Bantus originated in West Africa along the Benue River in what is now eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. [103], Kenya has considerable land area devoted to wildlife habitats, including the Masai Mara, where blue wildebeest and other bovids participate in a large-scale annual migration. The Government Ministries Current Government Portfolios/Ministries 1. Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72-90. Large-scale private commercial farms cover 45,000 hectares, accounting for 40% of irrigated land. [50] Article 5: The Territory Kenya consists of the territory and territorial waters comprising Kenya on the effective date, and any additional territory and territorial waters as defined by an Act of Parliament. [86], Moi's plan to be replaced by Uhuru Kenyatta failed, and Mwai Kibaki, running for the opposition coalition "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), was elected president. [37], By the 1st century CE, many of the city-states such as Mombasa, Malindi, and Zanzibar began to establish trading relations with Arabs. Previous research on early hominids is particularly identified with Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey, who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill. Other traditional dances include the Ohangla among the Luo, Nzele among the Mijikenda, Mugithi among the Kikuyu, and Taarab among the Swahili. [52], To chase von Lettow, the British deployed the British Indian Army troops from India but needed large numbers of porters to overcome the formidable logistics of transporting supplies far into the interior on foot. Successive projects encouraged the commercialisation of legumes by stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks for distribution and marketing. Spreading to other parts of East Africa, in the Neol Popular Kenyan newspapers include: Television stations based in Kenya include: All of these terrestrial channels are transmitted via a DVB T2 digital TV signal. Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. [113], Following general elections held in 1997, the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, designed to pave the way for more comprehensive amendments to the Kenyan constitution, was passed by the national parliament.[114]. Our culture, our societies don't accept. In between, they have the 10-o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 p.m. tea (chai ya saa kumi). [52], The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers. This has changed recently. [126] The President of Kenya is the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces. See The Standard Kenya's 'new' fighter jets cannot take off INTERNET, de Blij, Harm. [55] (one depiction of this period of change from one colonist's perspective is found in the memoir Out of Africa by Danish author Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, published in 1937). Available from: The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET, The Standard Sh 1.6 billion tender rocks the DoD INTERNET, For example the decision to acquire ex-Jordanian F5 fighter aircraft. The country has an extensive network of paved and unpaved roads. December 16 1973. Many larger towns consist of several locations. Those who complete high school can join a polytechnic or other technical college and study for three years, or proceed directly to university and study for four years. [89] In August 2010, Kenyans held a referendum and passed a new constitution, which limited presidential powers and devolved the central government.[83]. The country has no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-day oil reserves required under industry regulations. They probably came from Kenya", "Cement production keeps pace with growing demand", "Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises", "Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation", "Peak Demands - Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics", Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017, Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy, "Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port", "Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended", NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched, BBC News – Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling, "China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya", "The Invisible Child Worker in Kenya: The Intersection of Poverty, Legislation and Culture", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Why a new president may slow population growth, "Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out)", "Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up", "World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood", "Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax", "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume III: Distribution of Population by Age and Sex", Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions, The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News, "World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 - QuakerInfo.com", "Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008", "AIC Mission Hospital Kapsowar Official Website", WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011, CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings, "IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer", Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09, "WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices", "Women's participation in the kenyan society", "MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report", "Government to review Early Childhood Development policy", "Kenya National Adult Literacy Survey report", "Varsity expansion blamed for half-baked graduates", On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry, "Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes", "Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence | Kenya Page Blog", "Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards |", "Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title", "HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore", FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut, "Fast food finds fans in sub-Sahara Africa, where obesity problem is growing", US fast food chain to open first Kenya outlet in August – Money Markets, "Sonford Fish And Chips – Sonford Fish And Chips in Kenya Info Provided by Postel Yellowpages", Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business, Official website of the Parliament of Kenya, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Kenya, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenya&oldid=998727681, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, States and territories established in 1963, Swahili-speaking countries and territories, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2011, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Party of independent Candidates of Kenya (PICK), $41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. Additionally, Kenya has a growing Christian gospel music scene. Cricket is another popular sport, also ranking as the most successful team sport. This Serengeti Migration of the wildebeest is listed among the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa. The "short rains" season occurs from October to November/December. 006/2012 (2017) African Court upholds land rights for Kenya’s Ogiek This decision significantly strengthens progressive jurisprudence on land rights and indigenous people’s rights. In the report, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) reported these in their key finding "e)", stating that the forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings appeared to be official policy sanctioned by the political leadership and the police.[139][140]. The president, who is the head of state and head of government, is popularly elected for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. [83][85] Following this win, Moi was constitutionally barred from vying for another presidential term. Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret. Their acquisitions in the Central, Rift Valley, and Coast Provinces aroused great anger among landless Kenyans. [94], In 2017, Uhuru Kenyatta won a second term in office in another disputed election. Section of the peaks of Mount Kenya, highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro. [232], Cheese is becoming more popular in Kenya, with consumption increasing particularly among the middle class. Private health facilities are diverse, highly dynamic, and difficult to classify, unlike public health facilities, which are easily grouped in classes that consist of community-based (level I) services, run by community health workers; dispensaries (level II facilities) run by nurses; health centers (level III facilities), run by clinical officers; sub-county hospitals (level IV facilities), which may be run by a clinical officer or a medical officer; county hospitals (level V facilities), which may be run by a medical officer or a medical practitioner; and national referral hospitals (level VI facilities), which are run by fully qualified medical practitioners. Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. In 2011, Kenya began sending troops to Somalia to fight the Islamic terror group Al-Shabaab. There is also some emerging aspect of Lingala borrowed from Congolese musicians. In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. The country is known chiefly for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics, having consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m steeplechase, 5,000 m, 10,000 m, and the marathon. Since 2003, the literary journal Kwani? The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan, which was used to both reward loyalists and punish Mau Mau. The Carrier Corps was formed and ultimately mobilised over 400,000 Africans, contributing to their long-term politicisation. The Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, and Kenya Air Force compose the National Defence Forces. It instead consists of the various cultures of the country's different communities. Despite its impressive commercial approach and interests in the country, Kenya's academia and higher education system is notoriously rigid and disconnected from the needs of the local labour market and is widely blamed for the high number of unemployable and "half-baked" university graduates who struggle to fit in the modern workplace.[213]. [96] Consequently, Kenya had a second round of elections for the presidential position, in which Uhuru emerged the winner after Raila refused to participate, citing irregularities. The opposition party started by Oginga Odinga - Kenya People's Union (KPU) - was banned in 1969 following the Kisumu Massacre and KPU leaders were still in detention without trial in gross violation of the U.N. The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee. [99] The highlands are the site of the highest point in Kenya and the second highest peak on the continent: Mount Kenya, which reaches a height of 5,199 m (17,057 ft) and is the site of glaciers. THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALTH KENYA COVID-19 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROJECT (P173820) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN (SEP) MAY 2020 2 … Kenya has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.555 (medium), ranked 145 out of 186 in the world. Shortfalls of electricity occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. The earliest recorded version of the modern name was written by German explorer Johann Ludwig Krapf in the 19th century. The illegal expropriation is now complete. Drum beats are very complex and include both native rhythms and imported ones, especially the Congolese cavacha rhythm. [51], During the railway construction era, there was a significant influx of Indian workers, who provided the bulk of the skilled manpower required for construction. Most are admitted into the social sciences, which are cheap to run, or as self-sponsored students paying the full cost of their studies. This work, which included linking producers to wholesalers, helped to increase local producer prices by 20–25% in Nairobi and Mombasa. The increased temperatures, rainfall variability in arid and semi-arid areas, and strong winds associated with tropical cyclones have combined to create favorable conditions for the breeding and migration of pests. M.G. The capture of Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure for the British. In 2005, Kenyans rejected a plan to replace the 1963 independence constitution with a new one. In 2016, the team beat Fiji at the Singapore Sevens finals, making Kenya the second African nation after South Africa to win a World Series championship. In 1952, Princess Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip were on holiday at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya when her father, King George VI, died in his sleep. Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. [162][163], Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana. The Kenya Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. Imperial rivalry was prevented when Germany handed its coastal holdings to Britain in 1890. Kenya has a more developed financial services sector than its neighbours. There are also a number of local hip-hop artists, including Jua Cali; Afro-pop bands such as Sauti Sol; and musicians who play local genres like Benga, such as Akothee. [143] This changed immediately after the disputed presidential election of December 2007, following the chaos which engulfed the country. Republic of Kenya, was at the time of the filing of the petition mandated to provide health services, create an enabling environment, regulate, and set standards and policy for health service delivery in Kenya. Kenya is a compact state with many smaller cultural sub-divided states within. Recent findings near Lake Turkana indicate that hominids such as Homo habilis (1.8 to 2.5 million years ago) and Homo erectus (1.9 million to 350,000 years ago) are possible direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, and lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch. 81 on labour inspection in industries and Convention No. [207] A colonial order of gender emerged where males dominated females. Drums are the most dominant instrument in popular Kenyan music. [68], On 12 December 1964, the Republic of Kenya was proclaimed, and Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963, with independence being conferred on all of Kenya. [147][148] They cover news, business, sports, and entertainment. There are 15 airports which have paved runways. [143] The country has seven large, centrally managed irrigation schemes, namely Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, and Ahero, covering a total area of 18,200 ha and averaging 2,600 ha per scheme. [51], The building of the railway was resisted by some ethnic groups—notably the Nandi, led by Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei for ten years from 1890 to 1900—however the British eventually built the railway. [192] Kenya has by far the highest number of Quakers of any country in the world, with around 146,300 members. Reports of sexual assault are not always taken seriously. P. 762, HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper.". The British began counter-insurgency operations. [30] These people were later largely replaced by agropastoralist Cushitic (ancestral to Kenya's Cushitic speakers) from the Horn of Africa. The elections were scheduled to take place on 7 December 1992, but delays led to its postponement to 29 December the same year. [17] Agriculture is the largest sector: tea and coffee are traditional cash crops, while fresh flowers are a fast-growing export. It resulted in an economic crisis propagated by ethnic violence as the president was accused of rigging electoral results to retain power. [83], In 1996, KANU revised the constitution to allow Moi to remain president for another term. Nairobi has hosted several major continental sports events, including the FIBA Africa Championship 1993, where Kenya's national basketball team finished in the top four, its best performance to date.[229]. The Nandi were the first ethnic group to be put in a native reserve to stop them from disrupting the building of the railway. In the motor rallying arena, Kenya is home to the world-famous Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world. Preschool, which targets children from age three to five, is an integral component of the education system and is a key requirement for admission to Standard One (First Grade). [101], The temperature remains high throughout these months of tropical rain. [178], Kenya's capital, Nairobi, is home to Kibera, one of the world's largest slums. Additionally, Kenya has an extensive music, television, and theatre scene. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. 25 of 2012", Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence, "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights", "WikiLeaks wins Amnesty International 2009 Media Award", "Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? [155] Kenya has an oil refinery that processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. Locations are usually named after their central villages/towns. Aid agencies subsequently shifted their emphasis to recovery initiatives, including digging irrigation canals and distributing plant seeds. The EAC's objectives include harmonising tariffs and customs regimes, free movement of people, and improving regional infrastructures. Kenya's climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate inland to arid in the north and northeast parts of the country. Embassy of the Republic of Kenya in Israel, Zaksenberg Building, 15 Abba Hillel Street /17 Ha Chilason Street, 3rd Floor (West Wing) & 4th Floor , P.O. [201] Kenya had an estimated 15 million cases of malaria in 2006. Following the passage of the new constitution, Kenya became a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Kenya is represented by Lucas Onyango as a professional rugby league player who plays with the English club Oldham. Moi retained the presidency and George Saitoti became the vice-president. The numbers are estimated to be around 60,287 people or 0.13% of the population.[2]. [187], There are a total of 69 languages spoken in Kenya. [13] European contact began in 1500 with the Portuguese Empire, though effective colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior. In this regard, all passengers travelling to Kenya from countries that require visas to enter Kenya shall be required to apply and obtain e-visa before boarding an aircraft as no visas will be issued on arrival. Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in Eastern Africa. The 1982 coup was masterminded by a low-ranking Air Force serviceman, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, and was staged mainly by enlisted men of the Air Force. The result of this examination is needed for placement at secondary school.[211]. [205] These 47 counties form the first-order divisions of Kenya. Although the rally still runs annually as part of the Africa rally championship, the organisers are hoping to be allowed to rejoin the World Rally championship in the next couple of years. Primary school is free in public schools and those attending can join a vocational youth/village polytechnic, or make their own arrangements for an apprenticeship program and learn a trade such as tailoring, carpentry, motor vehicle repair, brick-laying and masonry for about two years.[211]. Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. Noun 1. [154] Roughly half of Kenya's 127 flower farms are concentrated around Lake Naivasha, 90 kilometres northwest of Nairobi. Swahili, a Bantu language with Arabic, Persian, and other Middle-Eastern and South Asian loanwords, later developed as a lingua franca for trade between the different peoples. A few of these promises have been met. [40], The Kilwa Sultanate was a medieval sultanate centred at Kilwa, in modern-day Tanzania. The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example in 2004, due to one of Kenya's intermittent droughts. The shantytown is believed to house between 170,000[179] and 1 million people. Its combination of themes—colonialism, education, and love—helped to make it one of the best-known novels in Africa. Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP) after the service sector. During the Mesolithic period (thence to c. 10,000 bce), new stone-tool-making techniques evolved, and the use of fire was mastered.. Kenya, country in East Africa famed for its scenic landscapes and vast wildlife preserves. [123], The British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) is used for the training of British infantry battalions in the arid and rugged terrain of the Great Rift Valley.[124][125]. Nairobi's occupants were screened and the suspected Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps. [151], Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa.
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