[140] On the river, an exclusion zone extending 70 metres (77 yd) from the bank exists, which no unauthorised vessels are allowed to enter. The last monarch to do so was King Charles I, in 1642. In 1834 an even greater fire ravaged the heavily rebuilt Houses of Parliament, and the only significant medieval structures to survive were Westminster Hall, the Cloisters of St Stephen's, the Chapel of St Mary Undercroft, and the Jewel Tower. Similarly, the reading of newspapers is not allowed. College Green, opposite the House of Lords, is a small triangular green commonly used for television interviews with politicians. Members of the public are forbidden to sit on the benches. The archway of the door leading into the Commons Chamber has been left unrepaired as a reminder of the evils of war, and is now known as the Rubble Arch or Churchill Arch. Queen Victoria is depicted twice in the room: as a young woman in the other stained-glass window,[80] and near the end of her life, sitting on the throne of the House of Lords, in a copy of a 1900 painting by Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant[81] which hangs on the eastern wall. In the resulting conflagration both Houses of Parliament were destroyed, along with most of the other buildings in the palace complex. [100] The side doors, which feature clocks, open into corridors: to the east extends the Law Lords Corridor, which leads to the libraries, and nearby to the west lies the Moses Room, used for Grand Committees. [83] The focus of this richly decorated room is the Chair of State; it sits on a dais of three steps, under a canopy adorned with the arms and floral emblems of England, Scotland and Ireland. [26] A bomb also struck the Lords Chamber, but went through the floor without exploding. In the subsequent competition for the reconstruction of the Palace, the architect Charles Barry won with a design for new buildings in the Gothic Revival style, specifically inspired by the English Perpendicular Gothic style of the 14th–16th centuries. All the glass on the south dial was blown out, but the hands and bells were not affected, and the Great Clock continued to keep time accurately. On 2 February 1988, the House debated the Local Government Bill's controversial Clause 28, a measure to prohibit the promotion of homosexuality in schools. Some peers, who have no party affiliation, sit on the benches in the middle of the House opposite the Woolsack; they are accordingly known as crossbenchers. Only 24-hour patrols are stopping another fire", "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]", "A Brief Chronology of the House of Commons", "All Change at the Palace of Westminster", "Architecture of the Palace: The Great Fire of 1834", "Architecture of the Palace: Bomb damage", "Richard I statue: Second World War damage", "MPs set to move out of Parliament for six years while renovations take place", "MPs set to leave Houses of Parliament for £3.5bn restoration", "Restoration of the Palace of Westminster: 1981–94", "HOUSE OF COMMONS COMMISSION – Westminster Hall", "Early day motion 1199: Union Flag at Parliament", "Department of the Serjeant at Arms Annual Report 2001–02", "Artwork – John 1st Baron Somers 1651–1716 Lord Chancellor 1697–1700 – Impeached by HOC1701 but charge dismissed; Artist: William Calder Marshall", "President of France arrives at Parliament", "President of Mexico and the Mexican First Lady arrive at Parliament", "Architecture of the Palace: The Robing Room", "Architecture of the Palace: The Royal Gallery", "Architecture of the Palace: Central Lobby", "Plucking the Red and White Roses in the Old Temple Gardens", "Architecture of the Palace: The Members' Lobby and the Churchill Arch", "Commonwealth Gifts made to the House of Commons in 1950 – UK Parliament", "Architecture of the Palace: Churchill and the Commons Chamber", "Some predecessors kept their nerve, others lost their heads", "Unveiling of the Diamond Jubilee window", "Queen to roll out red carpet for Obamas", "US President Barack Obama addressing MPs and peers", "Aung San Suu Kyi calls for UK's support over Burma", "President Obama: Now is time for US and West to lead", "Companion to the Standing Orders and guide to the Proceedings of the House of Lords", "The House of Commons Refreshment Department", "Mystery over cost of House of Lords rifle range", "The Albert medal: The story behind the medal in the collection", "All England Frightened; the Damage to the Parliament Buildings Enormous", "On This Day: 17 June – 1974: IRA bombs parliament", "On This Day: 30 March – 1979: Car bomb kills Airey Neave", "From the archive: Airey Neave assassinated", "EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (MINISTERIAL MEETING)", "Northern Ireland: Ten Years Later: Coping and Hoping", "Five in court for rooftop protest at Westminster", "Greenpeace protesters refuse to leave roof of Palace of Westminster", "Rooftop protest continues as MPs return", "Greenpeace protesters spend night on parliament roof", "Parliament rooftop protest leads to 55 charges", "London attack: Four dead in Westminster terror incident", "Westminster car crash: Man arrested on suspicion of terror offences", "Westminster car crash: Suspect appears in court", "Some Traditions and Customs of the House", "9 absurd rules about what you can't do in Parliament", "Sir Robert Rogers finds comfort in retirement", "Arrest of Members and searching of offices in the Parliamentary precincts", "Britain's Best Buildings: Palace of Westminster", "Parliament in the Making: 2015 Historic Anniversaries programme", "BBC marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta with 'Taking Liberties' season", Official website of the Palace of Westminster, Winston Churchill State Funeral - Westminster Hall - UK Parliament Living Heritage, Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges, Royal palaces and residences in the United Kingdom, World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd, Town of St George and Related Fortifications, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Westminster&oldid=978906227, Buildings and structures completed in 1097, Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster, Buildings and structures on the River Thames, Legislative buildings in the United Kingdom, Official residences in the United Kingdom, Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United Kingdom, Royal residences in the City of Westminster, Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2012, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2010, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 September 2020, at 16:53. For other uses, see, "Speaker's House" redirects here. Construction started in 1840 and lasted for 30 years, suffering great delays and cost overruns, as well as the death of both leading architects; works for the interior decoration continued intermittently well into the 20th century. [73] They are: Alfred the Great and William the Conqueror; Richard I and Edward III; Henry V and Elizabeth I; William III and Anne. Until the 19th century, it was regularly used for judicial purposes, housing three of the most important courts in the land: the Court of King's Bench, the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of Chancery. Tsar Nicholas I called it "a dream in stone". [182] Sniffer dogs and police horses are also allowed on the grounds. [65] The pavilions at the northern and southern ends of the river front are called Speaker's Tower and Chancellor's Tower respectively,[40] after the presiding officers of the two Houses at the time of the Palace's reconstruction—the Speaker of the House of Commons and the Lord Chancellor. Visual aids are discouraged in the chamber. From New Palace Yard, access can also be gained to the Speaker's Court and the main entrance of the Speaker's House, located in the pavilion at the north-east corner of the Palace. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 17 mai 2020 à 15:06. Trafalgar Square (875 m). In 2012, a new stained glass window commemorating Queen Elizabeth II's diamond jubilee was installed opposite this window, at the other end of the hall.[130]. The State Opening Of Parliament was carried out as normal, with the new rooms being used. The first bell to bear this name cracked during testing and was recast;[54] the present bell later developed a crack of its own, which gives it a distinctive sound. [5] The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the Palace of Westminster, along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's, as a World Heritage Site. [1] Part of the New Palace's area of 3.24 hectares (8 acres) was reclaimed from the River Thames, which is the setting of its nearly 300-metre long (980 ft) façade,[1] called the River Front. The Palace has also been the scene of numerous acts of politically motivated "direct action", which often took place in the Chamber of the House of Commons. [195], The status of the Palace as a royal palace raises legal questions—according to Halsbury's Laws of England, it is not possible to arrest a person within the "verges" of the Palace (the Palace itself and its immediate surroundings). On 16 October 1834, a fire broke out in the Palace after an overheated stove used to destroy the Exchequer's stockpile of tally sticks set fire to the House of Lords Chamber. [73] The Imperial State Crown, which is worn by the sovereign for the ceremony, as well as the Cap of Maintenance and the Sword of State, which are symbols of royal authority and are borne before the monarch during the procession, also travel to the Palace by coach, accompanied by members of the Royal Household; the regalia, as they are collectively known, arrive some time before the monarch and are exhibited in the Royal Gallery until they are needed. With rising concern about the possibility that a vehicle full of explosives could be driven into the building, a series of concrete blocks was placed in the roadway in 2003. [93][94][95], The room also contains a statue of Queen Victoria, seated on a throne (itself placed on a pedestal) and holding a sceptre and a laurel crown, which show that she both governs and rules. [29] The Lords Chamber was then renovated over the ensuing months; the Lords re-occupied it in May 1951. [11] In 1534, Henry VIII acquired York Place from Cardinal Thomas Wolsey,[12] a powerful minister who had lost the King's favour. Seule une très petite partie de l’intérieur du palais peut alors se visiter. [24] An incendiary bomb hit the chamber of the House of Commons and set it on fire; another set the roof of Westminster Hall alight. [148] Both Cole and PC Cox, a colleague who had joined him to offer assistance, were seriously injured. Like the Central Tower, these have been added for practical reasons, and mask ventilation shafts. The Chamber of the House of Lords is located in the southern part of the Palace of Westminster. The Chamber is relatively small, and can accommodate only 427 of the 650 Members of Parliament[116]—during Prime Minister's Questions and in major debates MPs stand at either end of the House. [112], The room is similar to the Peers' Lobby but plainer in design and slightly larger, forming a cube 13.7 metres (45 ft) on all sides. Security is the responsibility of the Parliamentary Security Director. Adultes : entre 25 £ (31,80 US$) et 28 £ (35,70 US$) (visite guidée ou guide audio). [36] They selected Anston, a sand-coloured magnesian limestone quarried in the villages of Anston, South Yorkshire and Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire. The walls are faced with white stone and each is pierced by a doorway; above the arches are displayed arms representing the six royal dynasties which ruled England until Queen Victoria's reign (Saxon, Norman, Plantagenet, Tudor, Stuart and Hanoverian), and between them there are windows stained with the arms of the early aristocratic families of England.[99]. [73] Edward Barry designed both the chair—the cushion and back of which are also embroidered—and the ornate marble fireplace across the room, which features gilded statuettes of Saint George and Saint Michael.[82]. While in the lobby of the House of Commons, on his way to a parliamentary inquiry, Spencer Perceval was shot and killed by a Liverpool merchant adventurer, John Bellingham. [73] The murals deteriorated rapidly after their completion due to a range of factors, most importantly atmospheric pollution, and today they are almost monochrome. Pugin was displeased with the result of the work, especially with the symmetrical layout designed by Barry; he famously remarked, "All Grecian, sir; Tudor details on a classic body". A new west façade, known as the Stone Building, facing onto St Margaret's Street was designed by John Vardy built in the Palladian style between 1755 and 1770, providing more space for document storage and committee rooms. The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The Lobby is a square room measuring 12 metres (39 ft) on each side and 10 metres (33 ft) in height,[37] and one of its main features is the floor centrepiece, a radiant Tudor rose made of Derbyshire marbles and set within an octagon of engraved brass plates. Victoria Tower Gardens is open as a public park along the side of the river south of the palace. Du mardi au vendredi: de 9h15 à 16h30. Booking an appointment is necessary in the latter case, along with a proof of identity. [18] Each house created a committee[19][20] and a public debate over the proposed styles ensued. Medieval windows above that and then it hits the grey cast iron roof, its greyness relieved by those delicate little windows again picked out in gold leaf. [201], Free guided tours of the Palace are held throughout the parliamentary session for UK residents, who can apply through their MP or a member of the House of Lords. Barry was a classical architect, but he was aided by the Gothic architect Augustus Pugin. If successful, the explosion would have destroyed the Palace, killing the King, his family and most of the aristocracy. The Hall has been used as a place for lying in state during state and ceremonial funerals. Several doors lead out of the room, to the division lobbies of the House of Lords and to a number of important offices. [101] Then, mirroring the arrangement at the Lords part of the Palace, is another antechamber, the Members' Lobby. [128] In 1875, the courts were amalgamated into the High Court of Justice, which continued to meet in Westminster Hall until it moved to the then new Royal Courts of Justice building in 1882. At 33.5 by 13.7 metres (110 by 45 ft), it is one of the largest rooms in the Palace. Westminster Hall, which was built in the 11th century and survived the fire of 1834, was incorporated in Barry's design. The firefighters could not save both, and a decision was taken to try to rescue the Hall. At the south end of the Chamber are the ornate gold Canopy and Throne; although the Sovereign may theoretically occupy the Throne during any sitting, he or she attends only the State Opening of Parliament. [183] Members may not eat or drink in the chamber; the exception to this rule is the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who may have a beverage of the Chancellors' choice while delivering the Budget statement. Of the doorways, the one to the south—which leads into the Lords Chamber—is the most magnificent, and sports much gilding and decoration, including the full royal arms. The Palace of Westminster as a whole began to see significant alterations from the 18th century onwards, as Parliament struggled to carry out its business in the limited available space and ageing buildings. Le Palais de Westminster (Palace of Westminster), également connu sous le nom de Chambres du Parlement (Houses of Parliament), est un édifice de style néogothique qui accueille les Chambres qui composent le Parlement britannique. The survivors were tortured in the Tower of London, tried for high treason in Westminster Hall, convicted and gruesomely executed by hanging, drawing and quartering. [40], As of October 2012[update], the north wall of Westminster Hall is undergoing restoration. The top-two floors are used as committee rooms and offices. A major renovation project undertaken by Christopher Wren in the late 17th century completely redesigned the building's interior. L'abbaye a été initialement construite sous l'influence du style roman en 1065 pour abriter les moines bénédictins. The two red lines on the floor of the House of Commons are 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)[37] apart, which, by apocryphal tradition, is intended to be just over two sword-lengths. St James's Park (652 m) ", Five bells hang in the belfry above the clock. In front of the Woolsack is the Judges' Woolsack, a larger red cushion that used to be occupied during the State Opening by the Law Lords (who were members of the House of Lords), and prospectively by the Supreme Court Justices and other Judges (whether or not members), to represent the Judicial Branch of Government. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia called the new palace "a dream in stone". [151] Five years later, a car bomb claimed the life of Airey Neave, a prominent Conservative politician, while he was driving out of the Commons car park in New Palace Yard. Constituents may meet their Members of Parliament here, even without an appointment,[105] and this practice is the origin of the term lobbying. [43] Victoria Tower was re-designed several times, and its height increased progressively;[44] upon its completion in 1858, it was the tallest secular building in the world. [10], The Palace of Westminster, which is a Grade 1 listed building, is in urgent need of extensive restoration to its fabric. Chaque chambre peut en outre exclure les personnes étrangères au débat si elle désire siéger en privé ; les résidents du Royaume-Uni ou les institutions éducatives britanniques peuvent solliciter un député ou un lord en vue de bénéficier d’une visite guidée du Parlement au cours des séances. The Jewel Tower, the Undercroft Chapel and the Cloisters and Chapter House of St Stephen's were the only other parts of the Palace to survive. The upper part of the Chamber is decorated by stained glass windows and by six allegorical frescoes representing religion, chivalry and law. Although there is no casual access to the interior of the Palace, there are several ways to gain admittance. In this room, Members of Parliament hold discussions or negotiations, and are often interviewed by accredited journalists, collectively known as "The Lobby". The decorative theme of the room is the legend of King Arthur, considered by many Victorians the source of their nationhood. It is also a Grade I listed building. Sessions parlementaires (d'octobre à juillet) In September of the same year, five protesters opposed to the proposed ban on fox hunting disrupted the proceedings of the House of Commons by running into the Chamber, the first such occurrence since King Charles I's unauthorised entry in 1642, which triggered the English Civil War. Speaker's Tower contains Speaker's House, the official residence of the Speaker of the Commons.[66]. [32] An Independent Options Appraisal Report released in June 2015 found that the cost to restore the Palace of Westminster could be as much as £7.1 billion if MPs were to remain at the Palace whilst works take place. Perceval remains the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated. [note 4], On 22 March 2017 an Islamist-related terror attack happened in which a man stabbed a police officer after ploughing into pedestrians on Westminster Bridge. Samedi: de 9h15 à 16h30. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Informally known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants, the Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. [56][57] In the lantern at the top of Elizabeth Tower is the Ayrton Light, which is lit when either House of Parliament is sitting after dark. The oldest existing part of the Palace (Westminster Hall) dates from the reign of William I's successor, King William II. The House of Commons Engrossing Office of Henry (Robert) Gunnell (1724–1794) and Edward Barwell was on the lower floor beside the corner tower at the west side of Vardy's western façade. Westminster Hall, the oldest existing part of the Palace of Westminster, was erected in 1097 by King William II ('William Rufus'), at which point it was the largest hall in Europe. Charles Barry asked Pugin to design the clock tower because Pugin had previously helped Barry design the Palace. [171][172] In October 2009, at least forty Greenpeace activists climbed to the roof of Westminster Hall to call for the adoption of policies combating climate change. Ce système a été temporairement suspendu pour les visiteurs étrangers ; des visites guidées ouvertes à tous sont proposées pendant les deux mois de l’été au cours desquels le Parlement ne siège pas. A House of Commons spokeswoman stated that 45 people climbed to the roof, The bird's-eye view by H. J. This consists of the Royal Staircase, the Norman Porch, the Robing Room, the Royal Gallery and the Prince's Chamber, and culminates in the Lords Chamber, where the ceremony takes place. Le palais, immense complexe de plus de mille pièces, contient en plus des salles de la Chambre des lords et de la Chambre des communes, les bureaux des commissions parlementaires, des bibliothèques, des vestibules, des salles à manger, des bars ou même des gymnases. [82][note 1] Other decorations in the room are also inspired by the Arthurian legend, namely a series of 18 bas-reliefs beneath the paintings, carved in oak by Henry Hugh Armstead,[73] and the frieze running below the ceiling, which displays the attributed coats of arms of the Knights of the Round Table. The grandest entrance to the Palace of Westminster is the Sovereign's Entrance beneath the Victoria Tower. Members of the House of Lords use the Peers' Entrance in the middle of the Old Palace Yard front, which is covered by a stone carriage porch and opens to an entrance hall. Augustus Pugin, a leading authority on Gothic architecture and style, assisted Barry and designed the interior of the Palace. Its location halfway between the two debating chambers has led constitutional theorist Erskine May to describe the Lobby as "the political centre of the British Empire",[104] and allows a person standing under the great chandelier to see both the Royal Throne and the Speaker's Chair, provided that all the intervening doors are open. Mercredi: de 11h30 à 19h30. Des débats ont également lieu certains vendredis. The seating is laid out in a U-shape, in contrast with the main Chamber, in which the benches are placed opposite each other. The Lords Chamber was completed in 1847, and the Commons Chamber in 1852 (at which point architect Charles Barry received a knighthood). Although such defects were clear as early as 1849, nothing was done for the remainder of the 19th century even after much studying. Some notable exceptions to this were when Robin Cook gave his resignation speech in 2003;[191] when Prime Minister Tony Blair appeared for the last time at Prime Minister's Questions;[192] when Speaker Michael Martin gave his leaving speech on 17 June 2009;[193] and after the resignation statement of Robert Rogers, Clerk of the House. Of these, the largest and tallest is 98.5-metre (323 ft)[37] Victoria Tower, which occupies the south-western corner of the Palace. "[117] Since then, in the State Opening of Parliament, when Black Rod representing the monarch approaches the doors to the chamber of the House of Commons to make the summons, the doors are pointedly slammed in his or her face. [184], Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed. This hall is flanked by symmetrical corridors decorated with fresco paintings, which lead to the ante-rooms and debating chambers of the two Houses: the Members' Lobby and Commons Chamber to the north, and the Peers' Lobby and Lords Chamber to the south. It was designed for the use of the monarch, who travels from Buckingham Palace by carriage every year for the State Opening of Parliament. It is enclosed by the Brass Gates, a pair of elaborately pierced and studded doors together weighing 1.5 tonnes. [160][note 3] Concern about such attacks and a possible chemical or biological attack led to the installation of a glass screen across the Strangers' Gallery in early 2004. The BBC held events throughout the year including a "Democracy Day" on 20 January consisting of live discussions and debate in partnership with the Speaker's Office of the House of Commons, including broadcasts from inside the Palace of Westminster. The new barrier does not cover the gallery in front of the Strangers' Gallery, which is reserved for ambassadors, members of the House of Lords, guests of MPs and other dignitaries,[162] and in May 2004 protesters from Fathers 4 Justice attacked Prime Minister Tony Blair with flour bombs from this part, after obtaining admission by bidding for a place in the visitors' gallery in a charity auction. [179][180], On the 22 June 2020, there was a small fire in the basement of the House of Commons. In front of the Throne is the Woolsack, an armless red cushion stuffed with wool, representing the historical importance of the wool trade, and used by the officer presiding over the House (the Lord Speaker since 2006, but historically the Lord Chancellor or a deputy). The Clock Tower took a hit by a small bomb or anti-aircraft shell at the eaves of the roof, suffering much damage there. La somptueuse façade de l'édifice offre un très beau panorama tandis que les pinacles dorés et les statues des rois se reflètent dans le fleuve. [77] It is lined on state occasions by sword-wielding troopers of the two regiments of the Household Cavalry, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals; these are the only troops allowed to bear arms inside the Palace of Westminster, which officially remains a royal residence. [64], Apart from the pinnacles which rise from between the window bays along the fronts of the Palace, numerous turrets enliven the building's skyline. [88], The Prince's Chamber is a small anteroom between the Royal Gallery and the Lords Chamber, named after the room adjoining the Parliament Chamber in the Old Palace of Westminster. [73], The decorative scheme of the Royal Gallery was meant to display important moments in British military history, and the walls are decorated by two large paintings by Daniel Maclise, each measuring 13.7 by 3.7 metres (45 by 12 ft): The Death of Nelson (depicting Lord Nelson's demise at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805) and The Meeting of Wellington and Blücher after the Battle of Waterloo (showing the Duke of Wellington meeting Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815). [62], There are some other features of the Palace of Westminster which are also known as towers. Soane's work at the palace also included new library facilities for both Houses of Parliament and new law courts for the Chancery and King's Bench. Le palais est encerclé par la tour charismatique du Big Ben et la Victoria Tower, une tour imposante qui rassemble en son sein toutes les copies de lois du Parlement depuis 1497. [169], In February 2008, five campaigners from the Plane Stupid group gained admittance to the building as visitors and then moved up to the roof to demonstrate against the proposed expansion of Heathrow Airport; from there they hung two banners they had smuggled past security. [51] The Clock Tower was designed by Augustus Pugin and built after his death. The Strangers' Bar is one of the numerous bars, cafeterias and restaurants in the Palace of Westminster, with differing rules regarding who is allowed to use their facilities; many of them never close while the House is sitting. The ground floor is occupied by offices, dining rooms and bars; the first floor (known as the principal floor) houses the main rooms of the Palace, including the debating chambers, the lobbies and the libraries. The palace complex was substantially remodelled, this time by Sir John Soane, between 1824 and 1827. Evidence can still be seen of this today, with damage clearly visible on one of the doors where they were struck by Black Rod. The tours last about 75 minutes and include the state rooms, the chambers of the two Houses and Westminster Hall.
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